TComboBox

Drop-down selection control with multiple styles and data binding

Fonte: source/classes/combobox.prg | Parent: TControl

Overview

TComboBox wraps the Windows ComboBox control, providing a drop-down list from which the user selects one item. It supports three styles:

CBS_DROPDOWN (default) -- editable text field with a drop-down list
CBS_DROPDOWNLIST -- non-editable; the user can only select from the list
CBS_SIMPLE -- editable text field with an always-visible list

The combo can bind to either a string variable (the selected item text) or a numeric variable (the selected item index). It supports incremental search, custom drawing, and data-driven item lists.

ComboBox Styles

graph LR subgraph "CBS_DROPDOWN" DD_TEXT["Editable text field"] DD_BTN["Drop-down button"] DD_LIST["List appears on click"] end subgraph "CBS_DROPDOWNLIST" DDL_TEXT["Read-only display"] DDL_BTN["Drop-down button"] DDL_LIST["Selection from list only"] end subgraph "CBS_SIMPLE" S_TEXT["Editable text field"] S_LIST["List always visible"] end style DD_TEXT fill:#1c2129,stroke:#58a6ff,color:#e6edf3 style DDL_TEXT fill:#1c2129,stroke:#3fb950,color:#e6edf3 style S_TEXT fill:#1c2129,stroke:#d29922,color:#e6edf3

Key Properties

Property	Type	Description
`aItems`	Array	Array of strings displayed in the drop-down list
`bSetGet`	Block	Data-binding block. For string combos: reads/writes the selected text. For numeric combos: reads/writes the selected index.
`bChange`	Block	Code block executed when the selection changes
`nAt`	Numeric	Index of the currently selected item (1-based)
`lIncSearch`	Logical	Enable incremental search as the user types
`lOwnerDraw`	Logical	Enable custom item drawing via `bDrawItem`
`bDrawItem`	Block	Custom drawing block for owner-draw mode
`cCueText`	String	Placeholder text when nothing is selected
`nDropWidth`	Numeric	Width of the drop-down list (can be wider than the control itself)

Key Methods

Method	Description
`New( nRow, nCol, bSetGet, aItems, ... )`	Constructor. Creates a new combo at the given position.
`ReDefine( nId, bSetGet, aItems, oWnd, ... )`	Redefine from a dialog resource.
`Set( cText )`	Set the selected item by its text.
`Select( n )`	Set the selected item by its index.
`Add( cItem )`	Add an item to the list at runtime.
`Del( n )`	Remove item at index `n`.
`Reset()`	Clear all items from the list.
`Refresh()`	Repopulate the list from `aItems` and restore the selection.

Command Syntax

String-bound ComboBox

@ nRow, nCol COMBOBOX oCombo VAR cVar ;
   ITEMS aItems ;
   [ OF oWnd ] ;
   [ SIZE nWidth, nHeight ] ;
   [ ON CHANGE bChange ] ;
   [ VALID bValid ] ;
   [ STYLE CBS_DROPDOWNLIST ] ;
   [ FONT oFont ]

Numeric-bound (index) ComboBox

@ nRow, nCol COMBOBOX oCombo VAR nIndex ;
   ITEMS aItems ;
   [ OF oWnd ] ;
   [ SIZE nWidth, nHeight ] ;
   [ ON CHANGE bChange ]

Data Binding Diagram

sequenceDiagram participant User participant Combo as TComboBox participant Var as Bound Variable User->>Combo: Select "Option B" Combo->>Combo: nAt = 2 alt String binding Combo->>Var: Eval(bSetGet, "Option B") else Numeric binding Combo->>Var: Eval(bSetGet, 2) end Combo->>Combo: Eval(bChange) Note over Combo,Var: On dialog activation, Combo reads
Eval(bSetGet) to set initial selection

Code Examples

Example 1: Simple ComboBox Selections

#include "FiveWin.ch"

FUNCTION ComboDemo()
   LOCAL oDlg, oFont
   LOCAL cCountry := "USA"
   LOCAL nPriority := 2
   LOCAL aCountries := { "USA", "Canada", "Mexico", "Brazil", "UK", "France", "Germany", "Spain" }
   LOCAL aPriority  := { "Low", "Medium", "High", "Critical" }

   DEFINE FONT oFont NAME "Segoe UI" SIZE 0, -14
   DEFINE DIALOG oDlg TITLE "ComboBox Demo" SIZE 400, 300 FONT oFont

   // String-bound combo -- cCountry holds the selected text
   @ 1.0, 1 SAY "Country:" OF oDlg
   @ 1.0, 6 COMBOBOX cCountry ;
      ITEMS aCountries ;
      OF oDlg SIZE 180, 200 ;
      STYLE CBS_DROPDOWNLIST

   // Numeric-bound combo -- nPriority holds the selected index
   @ 3.0, 1 SAY "Priority:" OF oDlg
   @ 3.0, 6 COMBOBOX nPriority ;
      ITEMS aPriority ;
      OF oDlg SIZE 140, 200 ;
      ON CHANGE ( MsgInfo( "Priority changed to: " + aPriority[ nPriority ] ) )

   @ 5.5, 6 BUTTON "&OK" OF oDlg SIZE 80, 25 ;
      ACTION ( MsgInfo( "Country: " + cCountry + CRLF + ;
                        "Priority: " + aPriority[ nPriority ] ), ;
               oDlg:End() ) DEFAULT

   @ 5.5, 16 BUTTON "&Cancel" OF oDlg SIZE 80, 25 ACTION oDlg:End() CANCEL

   ACTIVATE DIALOG oDlg CENTERED

   RELEASE FONT oFont
RETURN NIL

Example 2: Database-Driven ComboBox

#include "FiveWin.ch"

FUNCTION DBCombo()
   LOCAL oDlg, oCmb
   LOCAL cCategory := ""
   LOCAL aCategories := {}

   // Build the items array from a database table
   USE Categories VIA "DBFCDX" NEW
   Categories->( DbGoTop() )
   DO WHILE !Categories->( Eof() )
      AAdd( aCategories, AllTrim( Categories->CATNAME ) )
      Categories->( DbSkip() )
   ENDDO

   DEFINE DIALOG oDlg TITLE "Select Category" SIZE 400, 200

   @ 1.5, 1 SAY "Category:" OF oDlg
   @ 1.5, 6 COMBOBOX oCmb VAR cCategory ;
      ITEMS aCategories ;
      OF oDlg SIZE 200, 200 ;
      STYLE CBS_DROPDOWN ;
      VALID ( !Empty( cCategory ) ) ;
      CUETEXT "Type or select a category"

   @ 4.0, 6 BUTTON "&Select" OF oDlg SIZE 90, 25 ;
      ACTION ( MsgInfo( "Selected: " + cCategory ), oDlg:End() ) DEFAULT

   @ 4.0, 16 BUTTON "&Cancel" OF oDlg SIZE 80, 25 ACTION oDlg:End() CANCEL

   ACTIVATE DIALOG oDlg CENTERED

   CLOSE Categories
RETURN NIL

Example 3: Dependent ComboBoxes (Country/City)

#include "FiveWin.ch"

FUNCTION DependentCombos()
   LOCAL oDlg
   LOCAL cCountry := "USA"
   LOCAL cCity    := ""
   LOCAL oCmbCountry, oCmbCity
   LOCAL aCountries := { "USA", "Canada", "UK" }
   LOCAL aCities    := {}

   DEFINE DIALOG oDlg TITLE "Dependent Combos" SIZE 400, 250

   @ 1, 1 SAY "Country:" OF oDlg
   @ 1, 6 COMBOBOX oCmbCountry VAR cCountry ;
      ITEMS aCountries OF oDlg SIZE 160, 200 ;
      STYLE CBS_DROPDOWNLIST ;
      ON CHANGE ( UpdateCities( cCountry, @aCities, oCmbCity ) )

   @ 3, 1 SAY "City:" OF oDlg
   @ 3, 6 COMBOBOX oCmbCity VAR cCity ;
      ITEMS aCities OF oDlg SIZE 160, 200 ;
      STYLE CBS_DROPDOWNLIST

   // Initialize cities for the default country
   UpdateCities( cCountry, @aCities, oCmbCity )

   @ 5.5, 6  BUTTON "&OK"     OF oDlg SIZE 80, 25 ACTION oDlg:End() DEFAULT
   @ 5.5, 16 BUTTON "&Cancel" OF oDlg SIZE 80, 25 ACTION oDlg:End() CANCEL

   ACTIVATE DIALOG oDlg CENTERED
RETURN NIL

STATIC FUNCTION UpdateCities( cCountry, aCities, oCmbCity )
   DO CASE
   CASE cCountry == "USA"
      aCities := { "New York", "Los Angeles", "Chicago", "Houston" }
   CASE cCountry == "Canada"
      aCities := { "Toronto", "Montreal", "Vancouver", "Calgary" }
   CASE cCountry == "UK"
      aCities := { "London", "Manchester", "Birmingham", "Glasgow" }
   OTHERWISE
      aCities := {}
   ENDCASE

   IF oCmbCity != NIL
      oCmbCity:aItems := aCities
      oCmbCity:Reset()
      oCmbCity:Refresh()
      IF Len( aCities ) > 0
         oCmbCity:Select( 1 )
      ENDIF
   ENDIF
RETURN NIL

Tips

Use CBS_DROPDOWNLIST when the user must choose from the list only. Use CBS_DROPDOWN when free-text entry is also acceptable.
The SIZE height parameter controls the drop-down list height, not the control itself. Make it large enough to show several items.
For large item lists, enable lIncSearch so users can type to filter.
Use bChange for cascading combos (changing one combo updates another).
To refresh a combo's items at runtime, update aItems, call Reset(), then Refresh().
For combos bound to a DBF field, use FieldWBlock() as the bSetGet.

Veja Também

TControl -- parent class
TGet -- text input alternative
TCheckBox / TRadio -- other selection controls
TXBrowse -- combos are used as cell editors in browse columns